What is arthritis? 7 Signs You Need Professional Treatment

The natural aging process often contributes to the development of certain types of arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis. As we age, the water content of cartilage decreases, making it more susceptible to damage from repetitive use. Years of joint use lead to the deterioration of cartilage, causing bone to rub against bone, resulting in pain, swelling, and loss of motion. This gradual breakdown explains why osteoarthritis is more prevalent among older adults, though it can affect younger individuals as well.

Heredity plays a significant role in many forms of arthritis, with certain genes making individuals more susceptible to environmental factors that trigger the condition. Research has identified specific genetic markers associated with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and ankylosing spondylitis. People with a family history often have a higher risk of developing the condition themselves. These genetic factors can influence how the immune system functions and how joints develop.

In autoimmune forms of arthritis, the body’s immune system malfunctions and attacks healthy joint tissue instead of protecting it. This abnormal immune response causes inflammation in the joint lining, resulting in pain, swelling, and eventual joint damage. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common type, affecting approximately 1.5 million Americans. Women are two to three times more likely than men to develop rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting hormonal factors may play a role.

Previous joint injuries can increase the risk of developing this condition in the affected joint. Sports injuries, accidents, or repetitive stress on joints can damage cartilage and alter joint mechanics, accelerating wear and tear. Additionally, certain infections can trigger reactive arthritis or directly infect joints, causing septic arthritis. These infection-related forms may resolve with treatment of the underlying infection, though some individuals experience persistent joint problems.

Various lifestyle elements significantly impact risk and symptom severity. Excess weight places additional stress on weight-bearing joints, particularly the knees, hips, and spine, accelerating cartilage breakdown. Poor dietary choices may increase inflammation throughout the body, while sedentary behavior weakens muscles that support joints. Occupations requiring repetitive motions or joint stress also contribute to increased risk.

Without proper treatment, many forms of arthritis will continue to damage joint structures over time. In osteoarthritis, cartilage gradually erodes until bone rubs against bone, creating painful bone spurs and joint deformity. In inflammatory types like rheumatoid arthritis, persistent inflammation can destroy cartilage and eventually erode bone itself. This progressive damage often leads to irreversible changes in joint structure and function that could have been minimized with early, appropriate treatment.

As the condition advances without proper management, joint function typically deteriorates, leading to significant mobility limitations. Simple movements become increasingly difficult, painful, or impossible. Many people with untreated severe arthritis struggle with basic activities like walking, climbing stairs, or performing personal care tasks. This loss of independence can lead to reliance on mobility aids, caregivers, or even institutional care in advanced cases.

Studies show higher rates of depression and anxiety among people with poorly managed arthritis compared to the general population. The constant stress of dealing with pain affects sleep quality, mood, and overall quality of life. Many people with advanced arthritis report feelings of helplessness, social isolation, and decreased enjoyment of previously pleasurable activities.

Beyond joint problems, untreated inflammatory arthritis can affect multiple body systems. Rheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, with inflammation potentially affecting blood vessels and heart tissue. People with poorly controlled psoriatic arthritis may experience worsening skin symptoms and an increased risk of metabolic disorders. Gout that remains untreated can lead to kidney problems and tophi (hard deposits of uric acid crystals) developing under the skin.

The economic impact of untreated arthritis extends beyond direct medical costs. Advanced forms of the condition often lead to reduced work productivity, increased sick days, and sometimes disability or early retirement. A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that arthritis costs the U.S. economy over $300 billion annually in medical expenses and lost wages. Early treatment is typically more cost-effective than managing advanced complications.

Chiropractic treatment provides a non-invasive, drug-free approach to managing symptoms through proper joint alignment and function. Chiropractors specialize in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders, including the pain and restricted mobility associated with various types. The primary goal is to improve joint function, reduce inflammation, and enhance the body’s natural healing abilities.

6 Chiropractic Techniques

• Gonstead Technique: A precise approach focusing on specific spinal adjustments to restore proper alignment and movement patterns, reducing pressure on nerves that can worsen pain.
• Gentle Joint Adjustments: Controlled, low-force techniques to improve range of motion and reduce pain in affected joints without aggravating inflamed tissues.
• Soft Tissue Therapy: Manual techniques that address muscle tension and fascial restrictions surrounding arthritic joints, improving circulation and reducing pain.
• Ultrasound Therapy: Deep-heating treatment that increases blood flow to affected areas, reducing inflammation and promoting tissue healing around arthritic joints.
• Electrotherapy: Mild electrical stimulation helps reduce pain signals, decrease muscle spasms, and promote endorphin release for natural pain relief.
• Therapeutic Exercise Guidance: Personalized movement programs designed to strengthen supporting muscles, improve joint stability, and enhance overall function without causing additional stress on affected joints.

Massage therapy offers effective relief for arthritic pain by addressing both the physical and neurological aspects of joint pain. Professional massage techniques help reduce muscle tension surrounding affected joints, improve circulation to damaged tissues, and stimulate the release of endorphins—the body’s natural pain relievers. Regular massage sessions can significantly decrease stiffness, allowing for greater ease of movement throughout the day.

4 Common Massage Therapy Techniques

• Swedish Massage: Gentle, flowing strokes help improve circulation around arthritic joints while providing general relaxation and pain relief.
• Myofascial Release: Focused technique that addresses restrictions in the connective tissue surrounding joints, reducing pressure and improving mobility.
• Trigger Point Therapy: Targeted pressure on specific painful points helps relieve muscle tension that contributes to arthritic pain and restricted movement.
• Hot Stone Massage: Smooth, heated stones provide deep warmth that relaxes muscles and increases blood flow to painful areas, particularly beneficial for arthritic pain exacerbated by cold weather.

Rehabilitative exercise forms a crucial component of effective management by maintaining joint mobility and building supportive muscle strength. Properly designed exercise programs help lubricate joints with synovial fluid, slow cartilage degeneration, and improve overall physical function without causing additional joint damage. Regular activity reduces pain sensitization in the nervous system and promotes endorphin release for natural pain management.

Low-Impact Exercises for Pain Relief

• Water-Based Exercises: Swimming and aquatic therapy provide resistance for strength building while the buoyancy of water reduces stress on painful joints.
• Tai Chi: This gentle, flowing practice improves balance, flexibility, and body awareness while minimizing the impact on joints and teaching proper body mechanics.
• Range-of-Motion Exercises: Gentle stretching and mobility movements help maintain or improve joint flexibility and reduce stiffness, especially when done consistently each morning.
• Isometric Strengthening: These exercises build muscle without moving the joint through its painful range, using static contractions to increase stability around affected areas.
• Walking: Low-impact, accessible aerobic exercise that improves cardiovascular health and joint function when done with proper footwear on appropriate surfaces.